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Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Dec 2018When height cannot be measured or does not account for actual bone growth in children, due to their condition, it may be estimated using equations based on body segments.
INTRODUCTION
When height cannot be measured or does not account for actual bone growth in children, due to their condition, it may be estimated using equations based on body segments.
OBJETIVES
1. To compare observed height (OH) and predicted height (PH) based on body segments using the equations of Gauld et al. 2. To analyze its applicability in the estimation and interpretation of body mass index (BMI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sample of children and adolescents without musculoskeletal alterations. Height, arm span, length of the ulna, the forearm, the tibia and the leg, weight, and pubertal development were registered. BMI was estimated. Differences and agreements between OH and PH were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and an intraclass correlation coefficient. For BMI, the absolute prediction error and agreement were estimated using a Kappa coefficient.
RESULTS
Two hundred and twenty children and adolescents aged 6.04-19.1 years were included. The intraclass correlation coefficient between PH and OH was > 0.9 in all equations. In average, PH overestimated OH by less than 2.0 cm, except when using the ulna length (2.6 cm among girls and 3.4 m among boys). The average absolute prediction error for BMI was < 5 %, except for the ulna length, and the Kappa coefficient was > 0.7.
CONCLUSIONS
In our sample, the equations of Gauld et al. were adequate to predict height and estimate BMI. The greatest difference between observed height and predicted height was observed when using the ulna length.
Topics: Adolescent; Argentina; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Ulna; Young Adult
PubMed: 30457720
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.eng.e721 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Feb 2021Clinical surveillance of infants and children with achondroplasia necessitates syndrome-specific charts due to extreme short stature with deviating body proportions....
Clinical surveillance of infants and children with achondroplasia necessitates syndrome-specific charts due to extreme short stature with deviating body proportions. Height, arm span and leg length develop far below normal population ranges. We present growth and body proportion charts for ages 0-20 years, constructed from semi-longitudinal standardized measurements of about 450 children, along with some examples of achondroplasia typical and atypical growth pattern. We combine head circumference, height and weight for 0-4 years into one (infancy) page and height and weight for 4-20 years in another (childhood-adolescence) using nonlinear axes to account for the rapidly decreasing growth velocity. Similarly, weight and BMI are based on nonlinear axes to balance wide SD-channels at higher and narrow SD-channels at lower levels of weight/BMI. Charts for following sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span, leg and foot length are also presented. Clinical examples illustrating the applicability of the charts include cases of extreme prematurity, extreme head circumference development before and after shunting, achondroplasia complicated by chromosomal or additional genetic abnormality and by growth hormone deficiency as well as of evaluating growth promoting therapy.
Topics: Achondroplasia; Adolescent; Adult; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cephalometry; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Growth Charts; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Reference Values; Young Adult
PubMed: 33220165
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61974 -
Journal of Optometry 2020Body height and axial length (AL) increase during childhood with excessive axial elongation resulting in myopia. There is no consensus regarding the association between...
INTRODUCTION
Body height and axial length (AL) increase during childhood with excessive axial elongation resulting in myopia. There is no consensus regarding the association between body growth and AL during refractive development. This study explored the association between change in body height, AL and refractive status over 4-years in children and young adults.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Measures were collected biennially (timepoints: t1, t2, t3) (t1 n = 140, aged 5-20years). Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was obtained using the Shin-Nippon openfield autorefractor. AL, corneal curvature (CC) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured by IOL Master. Body height (cm) was measured using a wall mounted tape measure. Refractive status was classified using spherical equivalent refraction (SER): persistent emmetropes (PE) (-0.50D to +1.00D), persistent myopes (PM) (≤-0.50D), progressing myopes (PrM) (increase of ≤-0.50D between timepoints), incident myopes (IM) (subsequent SER≤-0.50D) and persistent hyperopes (PH) (>+1.00D).
RESULTS
Change in AL and change in height were correlated in the PE (all t:p ≤ 0.003) and the IM (t1-t2 p = 0.04). For every increase in body height of 1 cm: t1-t2: AL increased by 0.03 mm in the PE, 0.15 in the PM, 0.11 mm in the IM, 0.14 mm in the PrM, -0.006 mm in the PH. T2-t3: AL increased by 0.02 mm in the PE, 0.06 in the PM, 0.16 mm in the PrM, 0.12 mm in the IM and -0.03 mm in the PH.
CONCLUSIONS
In emmetropia body growth and axial elongation are correlated. In participants with myopia, body growth appears to stabilise whilst axial elongation continues at a much faster rate indicating dysregulation of normal ocular growth.
Topics: Adolescent; Anterior Chamber; Axial Length, Eye; Biometry; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; Cornea; Emmetropia; Female; Humans; Hyperopia; Male; Myopia; Refraction, Ocular; Visual Acuity; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 31992535
DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2019.12.008 -
Journal of the National Medical... Jun 1999
Topics: Body Constitution; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Sports
PubMed: 10388255
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2020Human height is a simple measure with great applicability. Usually, stadiometers are used to measure height accurately. However, these may be impractical to transport...
BACKGROUND
Human height is a simple measure with great applicability. Usually, stadiometers are used to measure height accurately. However, these may be impractical to transport and expensive. Therefore, we developed a portable and low-cost laser height metre (LHM).
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to (1) determine intrarater and interrater reliability of our LHM and compare it to a wall-fixed stadiometer, (2) examine its agreement with the same stadiometer, and (3) determine the minimum number of recordings needed to obtain an accurate and reliable height measurement using the LHM.
METHODS
We recruited 32 participants (18+ years)-both men and women. Two raters performed assessments on the same day blinded to each other and their reference standard measurements. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement (LOA).
RESULTS
For both the LHM and stadiometer, we found ICC values of 0.99-1.00 (95% CI: 0.997-1.000) for both intrarater and interrater reliability. Regarding LHM intrarater reliability, SEM, CV, and LOA were 0.34 cm, 0.16%, and -1.07 to 0.73 cm, respectively. In terms of LHM interrater reliability, SEM, CV, and LOA were 0.27 cm, 0.12%, and -0.32 to 0.84 cm, respectively. As to agreement with stadiometers using one measurement, the mean difference was -0.14 cm and LOA ranged from -0.81 to 0.77 cm.
CONCLUSION
A portable and low-cost LHM, for measuring body height once, showed an excellent reproducibility within and between raters along with an acceptable agreement with a stadiometer thereby representing a suitable alternative.
Topics: Adult; Body Height; Female; Humans; Lasers; Male; Mobile Applications; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 32267891
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231449 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Oct 2020Based on a sample of children and adolescents of both genders, our objective is to des cribe height growth, estimate the peak age at growth spurt, growth rate at this...
OBJECTIVE
Based on a sample of children and adolescents of both genders, our objective is to des cribe height growth, estimate the peak age at growth spurt, growth rate at this point, the final adult height expected, and differential patterns Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conduc ted using demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data collected prospectively from children and adolescents of both sexes between 2015 and 2016. Height percentiles were calculated using the LMS (skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) method and then adjusted using the Preece-Baines model 1.
RESULTS
We evaluated 861 participants (484 girls, 377 boys), aged between 2 and 18 years. The estimated peak age at growth spurt (he) was 13.6 years in boys and 11.0 years in girls, with a peak growth rate (V2) at this point of 6.4 cm/year for both sexes. The mean expected adult height (h1) was 173.7 cm in boys and 160.0 cm in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Preece-Baines model 1 provides satisfactory estimates for the peak age at growth spurt, peak growth rate at this point, and final expected adult height.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Argentina; Body Height; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Growth Charts; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33399639
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.2066 -
National Health Statistics Reports Dec 2018Objectives-This report presents trends in mean weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) among adults in the United States from 1999-2000 through...
Objectives-This report presents trends in mean weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) among adults in the United States from 1999-2000 through 2015-2016. Methods-Data were obtained from physical examinations of a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys during 1999-2016. The tables present means and standard errors of the mean for weight (n = 45,047), height (n = 46,481), waist circumference (n = 43,169), and BMI (n = 44,859) separately for men and women overall, by age group, and by race and Hispanic origin for each 2-year survey period. Changes in these body measures over time were evaluated using linear regression. Results-Since 1999, mean weight, waist circumference, and BMI increased for all age groups, for non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American men and women, and for non-Hispanic black women. Among non-Hispanic black men, weight, waist circumference, and BMI increased until 2005-2006 and then remained level. No change in height was seen over time except for a decrease in crude estimates among all women, a decrease among men and women aged 40-59, and an increase in both crude and age-adjusted estimates of mean height for men followed by a decrease after 2003-2004. No significant trends were seen in any of the four body measures for non-Hispanic Asian men and women (data available only for 2011-2016).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; United States; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 30707668
DOI: No ID Found -
Economics and Human Biology Apr 2024The human growth process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors. Therefore, regional differences in mean body heights may exist...
The human growth process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors. Therefore, regional differences in mean body heights may exist within a population or a state. In the present study, we described and evaluated the regional trends in mean body heights in the nine Austrian provinces over a period spanning more than four decades. Body height data of 1734569 male conscripts born in Austria with Austrian citizenship between 1961 and 2002 were anonymized and analyzed. From 1961 to 2002 birth cohorts, an overall increase in the mean body height of Austrian recruits was observed, although regional differences were evident. Regions with shorter body heights in the 1961-1963 birth cohorts showed a particularly pronounced increase in mean body heights. Meanwhile, the course of body height growth in the capital city, Vienna, was striking, where the highest body heights were documented for the 1961-1963 birth cohorts. In Vienna, mean body heights continued to decline until the 1984 birth cohort and increased again from the 1988 birth cohorts. In addition to economic factors, increased stress factors in an urban environment and a form of urban penalty are discussed as causes.
Topics: Humans; Body Height; Austria; Male; Military Personnel; Young Adult; Socioeconomic Factors; Adult
PubMed: 38428380
DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101371 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1955
Topics: Body Height; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Child; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 13240115
DOI: No ID Found -
Developing an equation for estimating body height from linear body measurements of Ethiopian adults.Journal of Physiological Anthropology Nov 2018Measurements of erect height in older people, hospitalized and bedridden patients, and people with skeletal deformity is difficult. As a result, using body mass index...
BACKGROUND
Measurements of erect height in older people, hospitalized and bedridden patients, and people with skeletal deformity is difficult. As a result, using body mass index for assessing nutritional status is not valid. Height estimated from linear body measurements such as arm span, knee height, and half arm span was shown to be useful surrogate measures of stature. However, the relationship between linear body measurements and stature varies across populations implying the need for the development of population-specific prediction equation. The objective of this study was to develop a formula that predicts height from arm span, half arm span, and knee height for Ethiopian adults and assess its agreement with measured height.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 21, 2016 in Jimma University among a total of 660 (330 females and 330 males) subjects aged 18-40 years. A two-stage sampling procedure was employed to select study participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and measurement of anthropometric parameters. The data were edited and entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS for windows version 20 for cleaning and analyses. Linear regression model was fitted to predict height from knee height, half arm span, and arm span. Bland-Altman analysis was employed to see the agreement between actual height and predicted heights. P values < 0.05 was used to declare as statistically significance.
RESULTS
On multivariable linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and sex, arm span (β = 0.63, p < 0.001, R = 87%), half arm span (β = 1.05, p < 0.001, R = 83%), and knee height (β = 1.62, p < 0.001, R = 84%) predicted height significantly. The Bland-Altman analyses showed a good agreement between measured height and predicted height using all the three linear body measurements.
CONCLUSION
The findings imply that in the context where height cannot be measured, height predicted from arm span, half arm span, and knee height is a valid proxy indicator of height. Arm span was found to be the best predictor of height. The prediction equations can be used to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized and/or bedridden patients, people with skeletal deformity, and elderly population in Ethiopia.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Arm; Body Height; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Knee; Linear Models; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 30477567
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0185-7